I mentioned this before, but once when my father and I were at a gas station, he went to pay for the gas and drinks at the convenience store we were at, and I heard the cash register make a "ding" sound that sounds exactly like Sonic the Hedgehog grabbing a ring!
 

Any video game related sound effects used in other media or products has that effect on me. The feeling still isn't as strong as that of smell to me. I'll be out and about, then suddenly I pick up an odor, and I'll be instantly reminded of something I had long forgotten. Smell is a powerful sense as far as it's effect on the mind.

The voices of Vin Scully and Chick Hearn.

The sound of a synthesizer. Like in Van Halen's "Jump".

Sometimes, when I hear drumsticks hitting the drum, the sound echoes through the song, so in music terms, that makes me feel nostalgic too.

Most video game music from my favorite retro games... might not qualify as an exact sound affect but they're sounds. Makes me want to go back and play them. Which I'm currently doing. I'm done with my recent Skyrim marathon.

The sound of crackling and popping from some Rice Crispies are a bit nostalgic.

It's music to the ears, isn't it?

Traditional cartoon sound effects.

The Filmation studio logo noise:

Good one.

I always liked Hanna-Barbera's swirling star noise myself.

Yeah, that's definitely another one that fits.

Christmas bells.